sunnuntai 15. helmikuuta 2015

Virgin Mary's flower garden

Common Name Scientific Name Medieval Name and/or Religious Meaning
Amaryllis Amaryllis belladonna Beautiful Lady
Amaryllis Hippeastrum hybr. St. Joseph's Lily
Anemone, double-flowered Anemone coronaria St. Brigid
Aster Aster nova-belgii

For the autumn garden, tough, adaptable, and an extremely reliable perennial, blooming September till frost. Excellent cut flower and attracts butterflies. Sun - Pt. Sun. Avg. Water. Perennial. USDA Zones 3-10.
Michaelmas Daisy (September)
Baby's Breath Gypsophila panicul. Lady's Veil
Bachelor's Buttons Centauria cyannis

Bright, richest blue, 2.5” wide, edible blooms. Perfect mid-bed cut flowers. Rich soil. Dead-head to prolong flowering and for blooms Spring & Summer. Self-sows. Full- Pt.Sun. Avg.water. Annual All Zones
Mary's Crown
Bean caper plant Zygophyllum dumosum Possibly Found on Shroud of Turin.
Begonia Begonia fuchsioides Begonia boliviensis forms 2' clumps in the garden with numerous blooming stems, heavy with flame-like crimson orange flowers all through the Summer. A very hardy plant, this Begonia goes deciduous in Winter & returns from tuberous roots in late Spring around May or June (be patient!) A good choice for hanging baskets & shady pots. This plant is easier to grow & keep track of in pots because of their long dormancy. The leaves are of an angel-wing type. This species hails from Argentina, where it can be found hanging from shady cliffs. If planted in the ground, good drainage is essential. Pt.Sun/Shade. Reg.water. Perennial. USDA Zones 7b-10. Heart of Jesus
Begonia Begonia fuch. rosea Heart of Mary
Bellflower Adenophera
A vigorous and profuse bloomer for part shade, this Campanula relative from Asia grows to 30” tall, forming nice sized flaring, pendulous, lavender-blue bells, held on upright spikes from late summer to fall. The flowers are fragrant and are good for cutting too. Adenophora lilifolia forms fleshy roots and will spread with age. After flower spike is spent, cut it back to the base to encourage even more bloom. Loves rich, moist soil. Self sows. Pt. Sun-Pt. shade. Average-moist soil
Lady Bell
Bird of Paradise Streliztia reginae

It has cylindrical, reed-like leaves that grow to about 4’ tall. It is very architectural. Great cut flowers. A long-lived plant, it is slow growing but very floriferous once it starts blooming. It is Native to South Africa, Strelitzia is drought resistant but does adapt well to moister gardens. It likes well-drained soil and some compost in Winter to feed it through the next year. It is wind resistant and would grow well in coastal gardens. It makes quite an impact planted in groups but is also very emphatic as a single specimen. Plant in full sun for best profuse flowers. Tolerates light frost. Please note that young leaves look just like a regular Strelizia, but they will become rush like when the plant matures. Full Sun. Low/Avg. Water. Perennial. USDA Zones 10a-11.
Bird of Paradise
Black-Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta

Summer skies incarnate! This beauty has a clear lemon central disk & can brighten up any Fall garden. Grows to 2’ tall & wide & prefers a sunny locale. Pair with Asperula orientalis or Pycnostachys urticifolia for a contrast or with the purples of Caryopteris incana for a lovely complimentary planting until winter, can flower over winter if deadheaded. Sun/Pt. Sun. Avg. Water. Annual. All Zones.
Golden Jerusalem
Bleeding Heart Dicentra spectabilis Mary's Heart

Flower essence good for heart pain and endocarditis.
Blue Phlox Phlox divaricata

Lady's Wedding
Bluets Houstonia caerul.

Requirements: Soil Type - Well drained, sandy loam. Soil ph - Neutral. Water - Dry. Light - Full sun. Characteristics: Height - ¼ - ½ in. flower stems to 6 in. Time of bloom - May - July. Flower colors - Pale blue - yellow eye. Propagation - Seed, division. Transplants - Easily .
Madonna's Eyes
Bougainvillea Bougainvillea gen. Trinitaria.

Saint Archangel Michael
Buttercup Ranunculus acris

Ranunculus acris is a PERENNIAL growing to 1 m (3ft 3in). It is not frost tender. It is in flower from May to July. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees, flies, beetles, lepidoptera. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.
Lady's Locks
Buttercup Ranunculus sp. Our Lady's Bowl
Camelia Camellia (japonica)

Camellias are shrubs that come mainly from China and Japan. They have pink, red, or white single or double flowers of great beauty, often three to five inches across. Blooms appear in fall, winter, or spring. The leaves are very shiny and deep green, two to four inches long, and are evergreen. When mature, long-lived camellias can take the form of small trees about 20 feet tall but usually are more shrublike at heights of five to ten feet. How to grow: Plant camellias in partial shade in moist, acidic, rich, well-drained soil. Protect the plants from wind and sunscald in winter. Mulch to keep the roots moist. Prune after flowering is finished if necessary to improve the form. Uses: Camellias make striking accent plants. They can be used as foundation plantings where they are hardy if the soil is sufficiently acidic. Where hardy, they are excellent in wooded areas.
(Purity)
Calla Lily Zantedeshia aethiop. St. Joseph's Staff
Canna Canna generalis Rosary Beads
Canterbury Bells Campanula medium Our Lady's Nightcap, Mary Bells, Our Lady's Smock
Caper, Caper bushes Capparis spinosa (var. aegyptia) ? Found on Shroud of Turin. See footnote for more information on the flowers of the Holy Shroud.
Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus Mary's Love of God. These flowers are said to have bloomed at Christ's Nativity, according to a German legend. (January)

Saint Jeanne d' Arc, obedience, loyalty and fidelity.
Castilian roses (Damascus Roses or Damask Rose) Rosa damascena Native-to-Spain flowers, the variety that St. Juan Diego found after the vision of Our Lady at Guadalupe.
Chrysanthemum (mum) Chrysanthemum All Saints' Flower. Chrysanthemums in general are associated with death and are used and funerals and to adorn graves (Chrysanthemum coronarium is believed by scientists to have been present when Christ was laid in the tomb. See footnotes). (November)
Clematis Clematis virginiana
Prefers a position in full sun to partial shade but with a cool shaded and mulched root zone and with something for it to scramble up on it will amaze you. But it is just as happy covering your azaleas (don't worry - it won't choke them out and it doesn't even come on until late summer). Direct sow outdoors in fall or stratify indoors if sowing in spring. Germination can be erratic even in the best of conditions, so I recommend you stratify and sow indoors to monitor.It can take a few seasons to really get established outside, but once established, prune hard in the early spring. Seed is easily gathered after flowers fade.
Virgin's Bower
Clematis Clematis (flammula) Cross
Columbine Aquilegua vulgaris Our Lady's Shoes, Lady's Slipper. Said to have sprung up under Our Lady's feet as she went to visit Elizabeth. The dove-shaped petals of this flower invited -- and invites -- its use for decoration on the Feast of the Pentecost.
Corn Marigold Chrysanthemum segetum Mary's Gold (November)
Cosmos Cosmos sp. St. Michael's Flower (September)
Costmary Chrysanthemum bals. Mary's Leaf
Cowslip Primula veris Lady's Keys
Crocus Crocus vernus Penitent's Rose
Cross Vine Bignonia capreolata Cross Vine
Crown Daisy Chrysanthemum coronarium ? I don't know the medieval name for this flower, but "Crown Daisy" is appropriate: this flower shows up on the Shroud of Turin. See footnote for more information on the flowers of the Holy Shroud.
Daffodil Narcissus pseudo-narc. Mary's Star
Dahlia Dahlia (hybrids) Churchyard Flower
Day Lily Hemerocallis flava St. Joseph's Lily
Dieffenbachia Dieffenbachia sao ant. St. Anthony Dieffenbachia
Dog Rose Rosa canina Mary's Thorn
Dutchman's Breeches Dicentra cucullaria I don't know the medieval name for this interesting flower, but it has sentimental interest for me so I would love to discover it if anyone happens to know and cares to write.
Edelweiss Leontopodium alp. Purity
Easter Lily Lilium longiflorum Easter Lily
English Daisy Bellis perennis Mary-Love
English Holly Ilex aquifolium Burning Bush
Evening Primose Oenothera biennia Easter Candle
Fern Asplenium ruta-mur. Lady's Hair
Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis This lovely flowering plant -- closely related to, resembling, and sometimes called the same name as the Morning Glory -- is pervasive once planted and, so, is generally considered a weed. Its old common name according to the Grimm's short tale of the same name is "Our Lady's Little Glass." The story in its entirety: "Once upon a time a waggoner's cart which was heavily laden with wine had stuck so fast that in spite of all that he could do, he could not get it to move again. Then it chanced that Our Lady just happened to come by that way, and when she perceived the poor man's distress, she said to him, 'I am tired and thirsty, give me a glass of wine, and I will set thy cart free for thee.' 'Willingly,' answered the waggoner, 'but I have no glass in which I can give thee the wine.' Then Our Lady plucked a little white flower with red stripes, called field bindweed, which looks very like a glass, and gave it to the waggoner. He filled it with wine, and then Our Lady drank it, and in the self-same instant the cart was set free, and the waggoner could drive onwards. The little flower is still always called Our Lady's Little Glass."
Forget-me-not Myostis scorpoides, Myostis sylvatica Eyes of Mary
Forsythia Forsythia suspensa Easter Bush
Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Our Lady's Gloves
Fuchsia Fuchsia speciosa Christ's Blood Drops or Our Lady's Eardrops
Geranium Pelargonium (dom) Lady Beautiful
Geranium Pelargonium sp. Heart of Jesus, Gentle Virgin
German Iris lris germanica Mary's Sword of Sorrow
Gladiolus Gladiolus sp. Twelve Apostles, Ladder to Heaven
Golden Rod Solidago canad. Lady's Plant
Grape Hyacinth Muscari (gen) St. Joseph's Bells
Grape Hyacinth Muscari botryoides Church Steeples
Ground Ivy Nepeta hederacea Madonna's Herb
Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Mary's Mayflower(May)
Hawthorn Crataegus oxyacana Mary's Berry (May). The Crataegus Oxyacantha praecox variety is the plant of England's "Glastonbury Thorn" -- a plant of Mediterranean origin but which, in Somerset, blooms twice: at Easter and at Christmas. It, therefore, has become a symbol of Christmas. The Glastonbury Thorn is said to have arisen when St. Joseph of Arimathea thrust his hawthorn staff into the ground in Somersetshire. The original plant was destroyed by Puritans (the soldier who did the chopping is said to have been struck in the eye by a large splinter from the tree), but shoots from it were taken, and England's Glastonbury Thorn lives. Since 1929, blossoms from the Glastonbury Thorn are sent to England's Monarchs for their table on Christmas Day.
Heather Calluna vulgaris Lady's Adversary
Holly (Christmas Holly) Ilex opaca. var. Christmas Holly (December)
Holly (English Holly) Ilex aquifolium Burning Bush
Hollyhock Althea rosea St. Joseph's Staff
Honeysuckle Lonicera caprifol., Lonicera (japonica) Lady's Fingers (June)
Honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum Lady's Stick (June)
Hosta (Plantain Lily) Hosta plantaginea Assumption Lily
Hyacinth Hyacinthus oriental. Lily-Among-Thorns, Lily-of-Valley
Hydranga var. Hydranga macro. mar. Ave Maria
Impatiens Impatiens Wallerana Our Lady's Earrings, or Mother Love
Ivy Hedera helix Where God has Walked
Jasmine Jasminum officinale Mary
Job's Tears Coix lachryma-jobi Job's Tears (Job 16:20). The seeds of this plant are often used for Rosary beads.
Jonquil Narcissus jonquilla (December) St. Joseph's Staff
Judas Tree Cercis siliquastrum Said to be the tree upon which Judas hanged himself after betraying Our Lord. It is a beautiful tree, with lovely pink flowers in the Spring.
Larkspur Delphinium ajacis, Delphinum (grandif.) Mary's Tears (July)
Lavender Lavendula (offic.) Flight into Egypt
Lilac Syringa vulgaris Ascension Flower
Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria majalis Our Lady's Tears. These flowers are said to have blossomed from Mary's tears for her Son as she stood at the foot of the Cross. (May)
Lungwort Pulmonaria officinalis Mary's Milkdrops, Our Lady's Milk Herb, The Virgin Mary's Tears
Madonna Lily Lilium candidum Annunciation Lily, Virgin Lily or Mary's Lily

Note: The Venerable Bede (A.D. 672-735) described the white petals as symbols of Mary's body, and the golden anthers as symbols of the glory of her soul. Roses and lilies were said to have filled Mary's empty tomb when it was opened by the Apostles. While lilies' association with purity cause them to be depicted with many Saints, such as SS. Francis and Claire, they are most strongly associated with St. Joseph, whose rod is said, in the Gospel of the Nativity of Mary, to have blossomed to prove he was worthy to guard Mary and become her spouse; with St. Anthony of Padua, because lilies left in chuches on his Feast Day miraculously remained fresh during the French Revolution; and with the archangel Gabriel, who is depicted as presenting Mary with the lily at the Annunciation (hence the name "Annunciation Lily"). Lilies are also associated with Solomon's Temple (III Kings 7:19-22), and their beauty is commented on by Christ Himself (Luke 12:27).
Maltese Cross Lychnis chalcedonica "Maltese Cross" (or "Jerusalem Cross"). The shape of these flowers' petals strongly evokes the Maltese Cross, and they are said to have been introduced into Europe, from Russia and Siberia, by the crusading Knights of Malta.
Marigold Calendula officin. Mary's Gold (October)
Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmar. Our Lady's Belt
Millfoil Achillea millefolia Christ's Back, Our Lord's Back
Mistletoe Viscum album Cross
Moonflower Calonyction acul. Lady-of-Night
Morning Glory Ipomoea purpurea Our Lady's Mantle (September)
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus St. Joseph's Flower
Orchid Orchis purpurea Lady Orchis
Orchid Brassavola nodosa Lady-of-Night
Orchid Orchis maculata Gethsemani
Oriental Poppy Papaver orientale Christ's Blood, Crucifixion Blood-Drops (August)
Ox-Eye Daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Mary's Star. The legend told is that the Magi followed the star to Bethlehem but weren't sure where to go once there. King Melchior then saw the ox-eye daisy growing, which looked very much like the star they'd followed. He picked it, and the door to the stable opened revealing the Holy Family.
Pansy Viola tricolor Trinity Flower, Our Lady's Delight
Passion Flower Passiflora Passion Flower, whose 5 stamens symbolize the Five Wounds of Christ; the outer fringe, the crown of thorns; and stigmas, the nails. See more here.
Periwinkle Vinca rosea Virgin Flower
Petunia Petunia hybr. Lady's Praise
Peony Paeonia officinalis Pentecost Rose (does anyone know of any name or meaning associated with Paeonia lactiflora?)
Pink Dianthus (gen) Mary's Pink
Poet's Narcissus Narcissus poeticus Lady's Rose
Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherima Nativity Flower, Christmas Star
Pot Marigold Calendula officinalis Mary's Gold
Primrose Primula elatior Mary's Candlestick (February)
Primrose Primula vulgaris Lady's Frills (February)
Quaking Grass Briza Lady's Tresses, Our Lady's Braids
Ranunculus, double-flowered Ranunculus I don't know the medieval name for this flower, but it's a gorgeous blossom.
Rose Rosa White: Mary's Purity
Red: Mary's Sorrow and the Blood of Christ. Also martyrdom.
Gold: Mary's Glory
Red and White: Visitation

Note: The Rose symbolizes Mary herself (she is known as "The Mystical Rose," see Litany of Loreto and is described in Dante's Paradiso when the guide asks him to contemplate Mary, "Why are you so enamored of my face that you do not turn your gaze to the beautiful garden which blossoms under the radiance of Christ? There is the Rose in which the Divine word became flesh: here are the lilies whose perfume guides you in the right ways."

Roses and lilies were said to have filled Mary's empty tomb when it was opened by the Apostles.

Roses are also associated with SS. Dorothy and Thérèse of Lisieux (who both send roses from Heaven), Elizabeth of Hungary, and Rose of Lima. St. Francis once threw himself on the thorns of a rosebush as penance. Since then, the rosebushes in that garden (near the cloister of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi) have no thorns. See also the entry for Castilian Roses. (June)
Rock Rose Cistus (landanif.) Rose of Sharon
Rock Rose Cistus creticus ? Shows up on Shroud of Turin. See footnote for more information on the flowers of the Holy Shroud.
Rose of Jericho Selaginella lepidophylla

and

Anastatica hierochuntica
This desert plant survives in a curled up, dormant, brown, dessicated state for years, and then opens up and turns green with a bit of water. After returning to a lovely green, it goes dormant again when its water source is removed. Because of this fascinating property, it is often kept dormant in the home and brought out at Christmas time to blossom and then close in order to symbolize the opening and closing of Mary's womb. The plant is also known as the Resurrection Plant, Siempre Viva ("Everlasting"), and Dinosaur Plant.
Rose of Sharon Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon
Scabiosa Scabiosa columbaria Mary's Pincushion
Scotch Thistle Onopardon acanthium Judas' Cloak
Sea Pink Armeria maritima Our Lady's Cushion. These flowers are said to have made a place for Mary to sit during the Flight into Egypt.
Shamrock Trifolium dubium a symbol of St. Patrick and his evangelization of Ireland, and of Ireland itself -- but St. Patrick used it as a symbol of the Trinity, with each leaf representing a Divine Person while the plant remains one plant.
Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Infant Jesus' Shoes
Snowdrop Galanthus nivalus "Candlemas Bells" or "Purification Flowers." These flowers are said to have bloomed on Candlemas, when Mary took Jesus to the Temple for His "redemption." (January)
Spanish Moss Mentha requienii Mother-of-Thousands
Spiderwort Tradescantia zebrina (Zebrina pendula) Wandering Jew. The name for this plant -- often used as a houseplant -- derives from an old legend about a Jew who mocked and hit Christ during His Passion and so was condemned by Him to wander the earth until the Last Judgment. Two other species of this plant are also known by this name: Tradescantia fluminensis and Tradescantia pallida (Setcreasea purpurea, Purple Heart).
Star-of-Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum symbol of the star that led the Magi to Christ
Stock Mathiola incana Our Lady's Violet
Strawberry Frageria vesca Fruitful Virgin
Summor Phlox Phlox paniculata Christ's-Cross Flower
Sunflower Helianthus annus Mary's Gold
Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima Blessed by Mary, Mary's Little Cross
Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus Our Lady's Flower (April)
Sweet Pea Lathyrus pratensis Mary's Foot (April)
Sweet William Dianthus barbatus Lady Tuft
Tournefort's gundelia Gundelia tournefortii ? Found on Shroud of Turin. See footnote for more information on the flowers of the Holy Shroud.
Tuberose Polianthes tuberosa St. Joseph's Staff
Tulip Tulipa gesneriana Mary's Prayer
Violet Viola odorata Our Lady's Modesty (March)
Water Lily Nymphaea alba Lady-of-the-Lake (July)
Winter Rose (Snow Rose) Helleborus niger Christmas Rose, or Lent Rose. A German Christmas symbol.
Wisteria Wisteria frutescen Virgin's Bower
Wood Anemone Anemone nemorosa Candlemas Caps, Lady's Nightcap
Yellow Flag Iris Iris pseudocorus Fleur-de-lis of French royalty, Mary as Queen, the Immaculate Conception
Yucca Yucca treculeana St. John's Palm
Zinnia Zinia elegans The Virgin, Church Flower
Zinnia Zinnia multiflora Little Mary, The Virgin

Herbs

Parsley Petrosolenium crisp. Our Lady's Little Vine
Sage Salvia officinalis Mary's Shawl
Rosemary Rosmarinus officin. Mary's Nosegay
Thyme Thymus vulgaris The Virgin's Humility
Chives Allium schoenopras. Our Lady's Garleek
tarragon Artemisia dracunculus its botanical name means "Little Dragon" and evokes St. Martha's slaying of the dragon known as La Tarasque
Dill Anethium graveolens Devil-Away
Coriander Coriandrum sativum St. John's Head
Sweet Bay Laurus nobilis St. Bridget's Flower
Basil Ocimum basilicum Holy Communion Plant. Pots of basil are used to decorate homes and to give away as gifts on St. Anthony of Padua's Day.
Marjoram Origanum vulgare Mary's Bedstraw
Cumin Cummin cyanum Cross-Cummin
Fennel Foenlculum vulgare Our Lady's Fennel
Anise Pimpinella anisum Our Lady's Sprig, Lady's Tobacco
Spearmint Mentha spicata Mary's Mint
Chicory Cichorlum intybus Heavenly Way
Horehound Marrubium vulgare Mother-of-God's Tea, Mary's Nettle
Sassafras Sassafras (albidum) Virgin's Tree
Hyssop (Syrian Oregano) Origanum syriacum I am unable to find a medieval name for this plant, but include it because of its importance in the Passover, Psalms and Passion. The variety of hyssop properly called Hyssopos officinal., and known as St. Joseph's Plant in the Middle Ages, is not the variety spoken of in the Bible and at the Mass. The Biblical plant is Origanum maru.
Catnip Nepeta cataria Mary's Nettle
Feverfew Chrysanthemum parth. Mary's Flower
Feverfew Parthenium hystero. Santa Maria
Chamomile Anthemus cotula Maiden Weed
Chamomile Matricaria chamom. Lady's Flower
St. John's Wort Hypericum perforatm St. John's Wort, Fuga Daemon ("Devil's Flight"), John's Blood, Jesus' Blood Drops, Christ's Sweat, Mary's Glory
Spikenard (or "Nard") Nardostachys grandiflora (or Nardostachys jatamansi) The portion of the plant just above the roots has a patchouli-like scent which was used by Mary Magdalen in the ointment she used to annoint Christ.
Dandelion Taraxicum officin Mary's Bitter Sorrow
Valerian Valeriana officin. Lady's Needlework
Pennyroyal Mentha pulegium Lady's Flavoring

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